Herbert Spencer.

Reevaluating progressive eugenics: Herbert Spencer Jennings and the 1924 immigration legislation.

From 'circumstances' to 'environment': Herbert Spencer and the origins of the idea of organism-environment interaction.

The word 'environment' has a history. Before the mid-nineteenth century, the idea of a singular, abstract entity--the organism--interacting with another singular, abstract entity--the environment--was virtually unknown. In this paper I trace how the idea of a plurality of external conditions or circumstances was replaced by the idea of a singular environment. The central figure behind this shif...

Kerry Spencer

The fall of tsarism in Russia in 1917 was the culmination of many factors. It is perhaps widely noted that Nicholas II was not suited to his role as Tsar, mainly due to his character and personality. Resentment of his wife and her involvement with the mystical Rasputin was also widespread and helped contribute to the collapse of the monarchy. Also the state of the country during World War One l...

Spencer-Attix Cavity Theory

Herbert Thoms

The eventful chapters of contemporaneous medical history in Connecticut have not yet received the historian's scrutiny and are still only records scattered here and there in organization archives and miscellaneous correspondence. Many of us have been a part of these events and as participants are poorly qualified to place values on them. As in all history, one must await the developing vista of...